POS tagging: (https://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_2003/ling001/penn_treebank_pos.html)
Number
|
Tag
|
Description
|
| 1. | CC | Coordinating conjunction |
| 2. | CD | Cardinal number |
| 3. | DT | Determiner |
| 4. | EX | Existential there |
| 5. | FW | Foreign word |
| 6. | IN | Preposition or subordinating conjunction |
| 7. | JJ | Adjective |
| 8. | JJR | Adjective, comparative |
| 9. | JJS | Adjective, superlative |
| 10. | LS | List item marker |
| 11. | MD | Modal |
| 12. | NN | Noun, singular or mass |
| 13. | NNS | Noun, plural |
| 14. | NNP | Proper noun, singular |
| 15. | NNPS | Proper noun, plural |
| 16. | PDT | Predeterminer |
| 17. | POS | Possessive ending |
| 18. | PRP | Personal pronoun |
| 19. | PRP$ | Possessive pronoun |
| 20. | RB | Adverb |
| 21. | RBR | Adverb, comparative |
| 22. | RBS | Adverb, superlative |
| 23. | RP | Particle |
| 24. | SYM | Symbol |
| 25. | TO | to |
| 26. | UH | Interjection |
| 27. | VB | Verb, base form |
| 28. | VBD | Verb, past tense |
| 29. | VBG | Verb, gerund or present participle |
| 30. | VBN | Verb, past participle |
| 31. | VBP | Verb, non-3rd person singular present |
| 32. | VBZ | Verb, 3rd person singular present |
| 33. | WDT | Wh-determiner |
| 34. | WP | Wh-pronoun |
| 35. | WP$ | Possessive wh-pronoun |
| 36. | WRB | Wh-adverb |
(see also Table 1.1 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.9.8216&rep=rep1&type=pdf)
Chunking: (highlighted are more commonly used)
ADJP: Adjective phrase
ADVP: Adverb phrase
NP: Noun phrase
PP: Prepositional phrase
S: Simple declarative clause
SBAR: Subordinate clause
SBARQ: Direct question introduced by wh-element
SINV: Declarative sentence with subject-aux inversion
SQ: Yes/no questions and subconstituent of SBARQ excluding wh-element
VP: Verb phrase
WHADVP: Wh-adverb phrase
WHNP: Wh-noun phrase
WHPP: Wh-prepositional phrase
X: Constituent of unknown or uncertain category
*: “Understood” subject of infinitive or imperative
0: Zero variant of that in subordinate clauses
T: Trace of wh-Constituent
IOB or IOB2 format for inside, outside, and beginning
B: beginning
I: inside
O: not in any chunk (, . and, etc.)
E: ending
S: standalone
NER
PER: person
ORG: organization
LOC: locations
MISC: misellaneous
Also sometimes including times and quantities (ordinals and numbers)
B: beginning
I: inside
E: ending
S: simple
Semantic Role Labeling (http://www.cs.upc.edu/~srlconll/)
A semantic role in language is the relationship that a syntactic constituent has with a predicate. Typical semantic arguments include Agent, Patient, Instrument, etc. and also adjunctive arguments indicating Locative, Temporal, Manner, Cause, etc. aspects. Recognizing and labeling semantic arguments is a key task for answering "Who", "When", "What", "Where", "Why", etc. questions in Information Extraction, Question Answering, Summarization, and, in general, in all NLP tasks in which some kind of semantic interpretation is needed.
The following sentence, taken from the PropBank corpus, exemplifies the annotation of semantic roles:
[A0 He ] [AM-MOD would ] [AM-NEG n't ] [V accept ] [A1 anything of value ] from [A2 those he was writing about ] .Here, the roles for the predicate accept (that is, the roleset of the predicate) are defined in the PropBank Frames scheme as:
V: verb
A0: acceptor
A1: thing accepted
A2: accepted-from
A3: attribute
AM-MOD: modal
AM-NEG: negation
Parsing
Parsing may show the sentence structure (generally a tree structure) with the above tags.
